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  • PERL

PERL

Disseminating knowledge about sustainability issues is rarely enough, in itself, to motivate long-term behaviour change. Focusing on global problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss and poverty often serves to increase people’s sense of despair and helplessness, and may result in apathy rather than positive action. An alternative approach, however, is to help people to reflect on what is important to them in life - their core values - and to envision the type of future that they want on the basis of those values. This approach has already been found useful for closing 'value-action gaps' in organisations promoting non-formal education for sustainability.

The PERL/PERL2 project was funded by the Erasmus Academic Network project of the European Lifelong Learning Programme, as a large multidisciplinary partnership of educators and researchers from over 140 institutions in more than 50 countries. It worked to advance sustainable and responsible living by focusing on consumer citizenship, education for sustainable consumption, social innovation and sustainable lifestyles, through a core of working groups supported by a consultants’ network.

Members of the Values and Sustainability Research Group participated in a PERL2 working group entitled ‘Bridging the knowledge-action gap’, to design values-based approaches to Education for Sustainable and Responsible Living in secondary schools. 

Project aims

Building on the initial PERL project which ran from 2008-2011, the stated aims of the PERL2 project as a whole were to strengthen individual awareness of sustainable and responsible living, identify processes and new skills, share insights and cultivate partnerships. 

Within this wider project, the first work package – Bridging the knowledge-action gap – was dedicated to values-based indicators, and designed to apply learning from the successful ESDinds project within the formal education sector. While traditional models of Education for Sustainability focus on the dire consequences of what has gone wrong, this work strand fostered a more positive and constructive approach, based on helping students to understand their values and create visions of the future that they want. There were four key objectives, as follows:

  • To prepare a toolkit for teachers explaining the use of the ‘WeValue’ approach, developed during the ESDinds project
  • To train teachers in the use of the toolkit
  • To translate the toolkit into Spanish or Portuguese
  • To test the toolkit in two schools in different EU countries

Project findings and impact

An early finding was that merely changing the wording of the ‘WeValue’ materials, initially created for civil society organisations, was not enough to make them relevant and useful for busy teachers. Rather, it was necessary to separate out three different applications of the ‘WeValue’ approach – teaching and learning, strategic planning, and evaluation – and develop each one as a separate toolkit.

New indicators and activities, tailored specifically for schools, were also found to be necessary. Through pilot tests in secondary schools in the UK and Finland, we were able to identify which activities worked well and which were less successful within different contexts, e.g. whole-class sessions versus Student Council meetings. Detailed findings are available in the toolkit testing report and further tests are ongoing at a school in the Netherlands.

The findings of the workgroup were presented at the PERL project conference held in March 2015 at UNESCO, Paris.The values-based indicators approach has attracted attention within the context of the Global Action Plan for Education for Sustainable Development and the 10-Year Framework of Programmes, and new large-scale funding bids are planned.

Findings from the project have already been cited in the International Environment Forum’s response to a consultation on the report Indicators and a Monitoring Framework for Sustainable Development Goals: Launching a data revolution for the SDGs, published by the Leadership Council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) in January 2015. In this report, it was noted that our work provides a practical way of responding to ‘Complementary National Indicator 4.1 [Percentage of girls and boys who acquire skills and values needed for global citizenship and sustainable development by the end of lower secondary education]’, and may be useful for developing the national benchmarks called for by SDSN in relation to this indicator.

Research team

Professor Marie Harder, Professor of Sustainable Waste Management

Gemma Burford

Professor Arthur Dahl (a Visiting Professor at the University of Brighton). 

Tiina Jaatinen contributed to the project in a voluntary capacity

Output

The three draft toolkits are available for free download below:

Measuring What Matters - Values-Based Indicators (A methods sourcebook)

While values underlie much of human behaviour, they have long been considered intangible and unmeasurable. New methods and indicators pioneered by a European Union-funded research project show how values are expressed and can be measured. This module explains the background and approach for those who want to create their own indicators adapted to their needs.

Discovering What Matters: A Journey of Thinking and Feeling (Activities designed with students, for students)

To what extent have students already acquired the values, as well as the skills, knowledge, attitudes and personal qualities, which will enable them to survive and thrive in the 21st century? Can they understand more clearly what their own values are, and learn to live by them? In which areas do they need more help? This toolkit includes both a menu of indicators and a set of ready-to-use activity templates.It can be used directly by student groups, and/or within the curriculum (Personal & Social Education, Geography, or creative subjects e.g. Art and Drama).

Growing a Shared Vision: A Toolkit for Schools (Activities for organisational and staff development)

Are we ‘walking our talk’ as educators? Is our school a living example of a vibrant, sustainable community? Do we provide a supportive learning environment for staff and students, and empower them as agents of positive change? This toolkit provides activities to help school managers, governors and staff to create an educational environment that fosters responsible values, and assess the extent to which they are succeeding in this aim.

Journal articles

Burford G, Hoover E, Dahl A, Harder MK. Making the invisible visible: designing values-based indicators and tools for identifying and closing 'value-action gaps'. In: Thoresen VW, Didham RJ, Klein J, Doyle D, editors. Responsible living: concepts, education and future perspectives. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International; 2015. p. 113-34.

Partners

The workgroup on ‘Bridging the Knowledge-Action Gap’ was chaired by Professor Arthur Dahl (President of the International Environment Forum, former Deputy Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, and a Visiting Professor at the University of Brighton). 

Other workgroup members were:

Dr Sylvia Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen

Marilyn Mehlmann

Dr Kirsi Niimaki

Ismael Velasco, CEO, Adora Foundation

Dr Onno Vinkhuyzen

Dr Dana Vokounova

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